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A temperature gradient is created between the two ends. For example, if we take a metal rod, and heat one end, and cool the other end. The temperature gradient means the difference in temperature levels. Thermoelectric effects mean, a temperature gradient is created on the two sides of the generator.
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TheoryĪ thermoelectric generator works on the principle of thermoelectric effect. A thermoelectric generator can be called as the number of thermocouples joined together. These metal alloys, when connected in that manner, form a thermocouple. For this, metal alloys made up of semiconductor devices are used. The material should have high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity. For the flow of electrons, a proper material is used such that the efficiency is more. So they start moving towards the other ends.ĭue to the movement of electrons, a potential difference is created at the two ends. The electrons at the high-temperature end would be at high energy levels. When the temperature gradient is created, the electrons flow from one end to the other. In the Seebeck effect, a temperature gradient or temperature difference is created between two ends.
The temperature gradient is obtained, when there is a difference in temperature levels between two points.Īs mentioned, it works on the concept of the Seebeck effect of the thermoelectric effect. In the thermoelectric effect, based on a temperature gradient, the electrons are moved from one place to another place. The fundamental principle of the thermoelectric generator is the thermoelectric effect. What is a Thermoelectric Generator?ĭefinition: It’s an energy conversion device, where heat energy is converted to electrical energy. Thermoelectric generators fundamentally use the thermoelectric principle of operation, which is based on the temperature gradient. In the thermoelectric generator, heat energy is directly converted to electric energy, which has high economical benefits. If we can directly convert heat energy to electrical energy, efficiency will be more. Because of this two-stage process, the efficiency of the overall system goes down. In this process, there is two-stage energy conversion, first heat energy is converted into mechanical energy and then mechanical energy is converted to electric energy. After the water starts boiling, and converted into steam, at high pressure, this steam is used to rotate the turbine and hence mechanical energy is converted into electric energy by Fleming’s law of electromagnetic induction. Generally, coal is burnt in that process. In conventional power plants, like thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, fuel is used to heat the water. They are also called Seebeck generators since they used the Seebeck effect to produce power.
The thermoelectric generator is a device, where electric energy is produced directly from heat energy.